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| |
SG LANDSCAPE &
INFO
红色代表了平等与友谊,白色象征着纯洁与美德
有关五颗星星和同学们说个故事:台湾民进党,比较喜欢讲和平与公平。总结一下就是:“民进和公平”
新月-新建立的国家,五颗五角星代表了国家的五大理想:
MJHKP
民主、和平、进步、公正、平等,
西长约50公里,南北宽约28公里,海岸线长228公里。
截至 2023 年,议会中有 **104 名议员**:
- 93 名民选议员+- 2
名非选区议员+- 9
名提名议员
= 104名
目前有
6 个空缺议席 :4 个来自人民行动党,2 个来自工人党。
目前共有 87 名议员 + 2 名非选区议员 + 9 名提名议员 = 共 98 名
Huángxúncái黄循财
/李智陞 lǐ zhì shēng
URA
STORY |
HDB |
EDB |
STPB |
JTC |
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GEOG, POP AND ECONOMY & FUTURE TRENDS
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地理数据
·一个岛国、国家、城市和城邦。
·截至2023年,总土地面积为735. 2平方公里。
东西长约50公里,南北宽约28公里,海岸线长228公里。
·地势基本平坦,大部分岛屿位于海平面以上15米以内。
·新加坡的最高点是武吉知马山,高163米。
·位于东南亚,马来半岛南端,马来西亚与印度尼西亚之间世界上最小的国家之一。
·新加坡拥有的岛屿数量:64个
• Pulau Tekong is the largest offshore island located off the
northeastern coastline
·位于北纬1° 09'至1° 29'、东经103° 36'至104° 25'之间(约距赤道20 以北)。
··中心地区蕴藏着大量的花岗岩,使得城市能够建在地下深处。
·热带雨林气候,无明显季节, 湿度高,
全年温度在25° C (77° F)至31° C (88° F)之间。
·从十二月到三月初,强降雨更频繁,是最潮湿的月份(东北季风季节),
·城市地区自然绿化覆盖率高。
这个国家被称为“花园城市”,将城市和自然环境融为一体,
拥有300多个公园、4个自然保护区和绿树成荫的街道、绿色建筑和垂直花园。
新加坡有四个主要的自然保护区
·新加坡标准时间位于GMT +8时区 (东八区)。

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Singapore’s presidents Singapore
Presidents

9 August 1965–23 November 1970: Yusof bin Ishak46
2 January 1971–12 May 1981: Benjamin Henry Sheares47
24 October 1981–28 March 1985: Devan Nair48
2 September 1985–1 September 1993: Wee Kim Wee49
1 September 1993–31 August 1999: Ong Teng Cheong50
1 September 1999–31 August 2011: S. R. Nathan51
1 September 2011–31 August 2017: Tony Tan Keng Yam52
14 September 2017–13 September 2023: Halimah Yacob53
14 September 2023–: Tharman Shanmugaratnam54
46. President's Office, “Encik Yusof Ishak”; Lim, Chronicle
of Singapore, 107.
47. Parliament of Singapore, Election
of President,
379; Lim, Chronicle
of Singapore, 171.
48. “Now
He’s President Nair,” Straits
Times,
25 October 1981, 1 (From NewspaperSG); Parliament of Singapore, Resignation
of MR C V Devan Nair,
co. 1684.
49. Hoe, “30
Seconds Later”;
Ibrahim, “Thank
You, President Wee.”
50. Tan, “How
I Will Do My Job”;
President's Office, “President in Office.”
51. Nathan and Auger, Unexpected
Journey,
617; Lim, Chronicle
of Singapore, 324;
President's Office, “President in Office.”
52. President’s Office, “Tony Tan Keng Yam.”
53. M Zhu, “Who Is Halimah Yacob, Singapore’s First Female
President?” Channel NewsAsia, 13 September 2017 (From Factiva via NLB’s eResources website); Goh
Yan Han, "President Halimah Yacob Will Not Run for Second Term in
Upcoming Election," Straits
Times,
29 May 2023. (From Newslink via NLB’s eResources website)
54. Goh Yan Han, "Tharman Sworn In as President, Stresses Need for
Solidarity among Singaporeans," Straits
Times,
15 September 2023. (From Newslink via NLB’s eResources website)
历任新加坡总统
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1959 年 12 月 3 日,人民行动党 (PAP) 赢得 1959 年大选后,尤索夫接替威廉·古德爵士担任国家元首。
1965 年 8 月 9 日新加坡独立后,尤索夫被国会任命为新加坡第一任总统。
尤索夫曾任三届总统(其中两届是国家元首),后于 1970 年 11 月 23 日因心脏衰竭去世。1971 年 1 月 2
日,本杰明·薛尔斯继任。尤索夫在 1959 年至 1970 年间担任新加坡元首近 11 年,是新加坡在任时间最长的国家元首,直到 2010 年
8 月纳丹打破这一纪录。他的肖像出现在 1999 年推出的新加坡肖像系列纸币上。
xiàoxiàng
xìliè zhǐbì shàng.
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Yusok Ishak
On 3 December 1959, Yusof succeeded Sir William Goode as
Yang di-Pertuan Negara (English: Head of State) after the People's Action
Party (PAP) won the 1959 general election.
Yusof was subsequently
appointed as the first president of Singapore by Parliament after the
independence of Singapore on 9 August 1965.
Yusof served three terms in office (2 as Yang-di Pertuan Negara)
before he died on 23 November 1970 due to heart failure. He was
succeeded by Benjamin Sheares on 2 January 1971. Serving as Singapore's
Head of State for close to 11 years between 1959 and 1970, he was
Singapore's longest-serving Head of State until S. R. Nathan surpassed
this record in August 2010. His portrait appears on the Singapore
Portrait Series currency notes introduced in 1999.
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以下列出新加坡的历任总统。
Ministers of Singapore

参见
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Population

As of the 2023 statistics, Singapore's
population is approximately 5.92 million. The
population breakdown is typically categorized
into resident (Singapore
citizens and permanent residents) and
non-resident (foreigners living in
Singapore) components. Here's a general
breakdown: 1. Resident Population
(Citizens and Permanent Residents):
- Citizens: ~3.61 million
- Permanent Residents (PRs):
~0.49 million
- Total Resident Population:
~4.1 million
2. Non-Resident Population
(Foreigners living in Singapore):
- Non-residents make up about 1.82
million, and this includes foreign
workers, students, expatriates, and their
families.
3. Ethnic Composition of Residents
(as of 2020 Census):
- Chinese: ~74.3%
- Malay: ~13.5%
- Indian: ~9.0%
- Other ethnic groups:
~3.2% (including Eurasians and people of
mixed heritage)
种族多样性
截至Jiézhì2023年,新加坡的种族分布情况如下:
•
华族:约占总人口的74%
•
马来族:约占总人口的13%
•
印度族:约占人口的9%
•
其他(欧亚裔、锡克教徒、阿拉伯裔等):约占人口的4%。新加坡每年于7月21日庆祝种族和谐日。
四种官方语言是英语、华语、马来语和淡米尔语。
·英语被广泛使用并被用作商业和行政的主要语言。
·根据CMIO的标准,新加坡社会分为四个主要民族:华人、马来人、印度人和其他民族。
• “其他“类别包括欧亚混血人等民族,他们是混合欧洲和亚洲血统。
·新加坡是世界上最安全的城市之一,犯罪率低(不是零犯罪率)且法律严格。
·新加坡也是世界上宗教最多元化的社会之一,新加坡非营利性宗教间组织承认的十种不同的宗教:印度教、犹太教、佛教、基督教、伊斯兰教、锡克教、琐罗亚斯德教、道教、巴哈伊教和耆那教。
·截至2020年,新加坡的总生育率为每名妇女生育1.1个孩子,是世界上最低的国家之一。
·预计2050年人口中位年龄约为53岁。公民人口继续老龄化,2023年6月65岁及以上人口占19.
1%。到2030年,退休和再就业年龄分别定为65岁和70岁。
 |
(1) RACIAL
Singapore's racial composition is highly diverse, reflecting its
multi-ethnic society. As of the 2020 Census, the population breakdown is
as follows:
- Chinese:
~74.3% -Malay:
~13.5%-Indian:
~9.0%- Other ethnic groups:
~3.2% (including Eurasians and people of mixed heritage)
The government maintains a racial harmony policy and promotes
multiculturalism. Additionally, Singapore has an Ethnic
Integration Policy (EIP), which ensures a balanced mix of
ethnic groups within public housing estates (HDB flats) to foster social
cohesion

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新加坡国旗由红、白两个平行相等的长方形组成,长宽比例为3:2
左上角有一弯白色新月以及五颗白色小五角星.
红色代表了平等与友谊,
白色象征着纯洁与美德
新月表示新加坡是一个新建立的国家,
五颗五角星代表了国家的五大理想: MHCKP
民主、和平、进步、公正、平等,
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THE PLEDGE AND FLAG Meaning
The National Flag consists of two equal horizontal sections, red above
white.
A white crescent moon occupies the upper left red section. Next to
the moon are five white stars arranged in a circle.
Each feature of the Flag bears a unique symbolic meaning.
Red stands for universal
brotherhood and equality of man.
White symbolises pervading
and everlasting purity and virtue.
The crescent moon represents
a young nation on the ascendant, and
the five stars depict Singapore's
ideals of democracy, peace, progress, justice and equality.
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The National Pledge in Singapore's Four Official
Languages
Our Pledge
We, the citizens of Singapore,
pledge ourselves as one united people,
regardless of race, language or religion,
to build a democratic society
based on justice and equality
so as to achieve happiness, prosperity
and progress for our nation.
Ikrar Kita
Kami, warganegara Singapura,
sebagai rakyat yang bersatu padu,
tidak kira apa bangsa, bahasa, atau ugama,
berikrar untuk membina suatu masyarakat yang demokratik,
berdasarkan kepada keadilan dan persamaan untuk mencapai kebahagiaan,
kemakmuran dan kemajuan bagi negara Kami.
信约
我们是新加坡公民,
誓愿不分种族、言语、宗教,
团结一致,建设公正平等的民主社会,
并为实现国家之幸福、繁荣与进步,共同努力。
The Origin
The National Flag, Singapore's most visible symbol of statehood,
reflects the ideals, beliefs and values of our nation. The creation of a
new National Flag was therefore a vital task for Singapore’s newly
elected Cabinet in 1959.
Then Deputy Prime Minister Dr Toh Chin Chye was placed in charge of a
committee to create a new flag to replace the British Union Jack, which
had flown over the island for nearly 140 years from 1819 to 1959.
Dr Toh had firm ideas about the design of the flag. There were to be
five stars, which would stand for the five core principles of democracy,
justice, peace, prosperity and equality. A crescent moon would serve to
signify Singapore’s status as a young nation.
To ensure that the flag would not be confused with those of other
nations, Dr Toh studied the flags of countries represented in the United
Nations and showed the Cabinet various designs for their consideration.
He was initially not in favour of a red and white colour scheme, as he
explained in an oral history interview with the National Archives of
Singapore:
"I had
produced prototypes with different colours for the Cabinet to decide. I
explained to them why we cannot use red and white, white and red. White
above red is the flag of Poland. Red above white is the flag of
Indonesia."
Dr Toh
Chin Chye, 1989
But after careful deliberations, the Legislative Assembly endorsed the
red and white flag on 18 November 1959, together with the State Crest
and National Anthem.
The National Flag was unveiled on 3 December 1959 at the installation of
the first Malayan-born Yang di-Pertuan Negara (Head of State), Encik
Yusof bin Ishak. The ceremony was held in the City Hall Chambers. The
Flag was publicly unveiled for the first time at the City Hall steps.
The Flag was later adopted officially as Singapore’s National Flag upon
her independence in 1965.
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PARLIAMENT OF 1959

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WATER RESOURCES - 4 MAJOR TAPS


Reservoirs 17
Pandan Reservoir |
Kranji Reservoir |
Jurong Lake Reservoir |
MacRitchie Reservoir |
Upper Peirce Reservoir |
Lower Peirce Reservoir |
Bedok Reservoir |
Upper Seletar Reservoir |
Lower Seletar Reservoir |
Poyan Reservoir |
Murai Reservoir |
Tengeh Reservoir |
Sarimbun Reservoir |
Pulau Tekong Reservoir |
Marina Reservoir |
Serangoon Reservoir |
Rivers 35
Singapore River |
Sungei Kallang |
Rochor River |
Sungei Whampoa |
Geylang River |
Sungei Bedok |
Sungei Ketapang |
Sungei Changi |
Sungei Selarang |
Sungei Loyang |
Sungei Tampines |
Sungei Api Api |
Sungei Blukar |
Sungei Serangoon |
Sungei Punggol |
Sungei Tongkang |
Sungei Pinang |
Sungei Seletar |
Sungei Khatib Bongsu |
Sungei Seletar Simpang Kiri |
Sungei Sembawang |
Sungei Mandai |
Sungei China |
Sungei Mandai Kechil |
Sungei Peng Siang |
Sungei Tengah |
Sungei Kangkar |
Sungei Buloh Besar |
Sungei Jurong |
Sungei Lanchar |
Sungei Pandan |
Sungei Ulu Pandan |
新加坡有四个主要的自然保护区,它们是保护新加坡生态多样性的重要区域。这些保护区是:
- 武吉知马自然保护区(Bukit
Timah Nature Reserve)
-
位于新加坡中部,是新加坡面积最大的自然保护区之一。
-
以热带雨林生态系统著称,保存了许多本地动植物物种。
-
包含新加坡最高的天然地标——武吉知马山(163.63米)。
-
中央集水区自然保护区(Central Catchment Nature Reserve)
-
新加坡最大的自然保护区,围绕着几个主要的蓄水池,包括麦里芝水库(MacRitchie
Reservoir)、皮尔斯水库(Pierce
Reservoir)和下榜鹅水库(Lower Peirce
Reservoir)。
-
提供徒步和探索自然的小径,如著名的树顶吊桥(TreeTop Walk)。
- 双溪布洛湿地保护区(Sungei
Buloh Wetland Reserve)
- 位于新加坡北部,是新加坡首个湿地保护区。
-
以其丰富的鸟类和湿地生态闻名,尤其是候鸟的栖息地。hòuniǎo
de qīxī dì
- 是观鸟爱好者的理想地点,拥有多种迁徙水鸟。qiānxǐ
shuǐniǎo.
- 拉柏多自然保护区(Labrador
Nature Reserve)
-
坐落在新加坡南部海岸,拥有丰富的滨海生态系统。
- 保护了红树林、岩岸和海洋生物。
-
也具有历史意义,因其曾是二战时期的军事防御要地。
每个自然保护区都有独特的生态系统和景观,吸引了自然爱好者、研究人员以及游客。

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【新加坡6所公立大学】
1️⃣ 新加坡国立大学(NUS)
2️⃣ 新加坡南洋理工大学(NTU)
3️⃣ 新加坡管理大学(SMU)
4️⃣ 新加坡科技大学(SUTD)
5️⃣ 新加坡理工大学(SIT)
6️⃣ 新跃社科大学(SUSS)
向家长推销新加坡管理大学 (SMU)
和艺术学院 (SOTA) 的教育之旅需要强调这两所院校的优势和独特之处。以下是一些策略:
1. 强调学术卓越
强调 SMU 的良好学术声誉、创新课程和高就业率。
展示 SOTA 的专业艺术课程及其在培养创意人才方面的作用。
2. 强调全球曝光
讨论新加坡的多元文化环境以及学生与来自不同背景的同学互动的机会。
提及任何国际合作伙伴关系或交流计划。
3. 展示校园生活
提供校园虚拟或现场参观,重点介绍设施、学生生活和课外活动。
分享当前学生和校友对他们经历的评价。
4. 讨论就业机会
介绍两所大学的就业率和实习机会的统计数据。
强调与行业的联系以及毕业后的潜在职业道路。
5. 解决问题
提供有关安全、住宿选择以及国际学生可获得的支持服务的信息。
讨论生活费和学费,以及潜在的奖学金。
6. 组织问答会
举办信息会议,家长可以直接向大学代表或在校学生提问。
7. 跟进资源
提供小册子、网站和社交媒体渠道链接,以供进一步探索。
为任何其他咨询提供专用联系人。
8. 营造紧迫感
突出申请截止日期、奖学金或提前注册福利,以鼓励迅速做出决定。
通过关注这些方面,您可以有效地传达在 SMU 和 SOTA 学习的价值,使其成为父母及其子女的有吸引力的选择。
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新加坡议会的议员人数可能因具体选举以及民选议员、非选区议员和提名议员的组成而异。以下是根据**2020 年大选**和**现行制度**进行的细分:
1. 总席位数**
- **93 名民选议员**:代表选区,包括**单一选区 (SMC)** 和**集体代表选区 (GRC)**。
- **2 名非选区议员 (NCMP)**:未在其选区获胜但获得席位以确保更多样化代表性的反对党候选人。
- **9 名提名议员 (NMP)**:由总统根据推荐任命,通常不分党派,代表商业、学术或艺术等各个领域。
总计**:
截至 2023 年,议会中有 **104 名议员**:
- 93 名民选议员
- 2 名非选区议员
- 9 名非选区议员
本届议会开始时的初始议席数为 104 席,
其中工人党占 10 席,由毕丹星领导,
新加坡进步党占 2 席,
另外还有 9 席为提名议员。
2020 年新加坡大选共选出 93 名国会议员。
目前有
6 个空缺议席 :
4 个来自人民行动党,
2 个来自工人党。
本届议会是新加坡独立以来任期内空缺议席最多的一次,共有 6
个,其中包括以婚外情为由辞去议席的国会议长陈川仁,与他一同辞去议席的还有成丽辉、后来参加
2023 年新加坡总统大选的国务资政尚达曼和交通部长
S. Iswaran。工人党 Leon
Perera 于 2023 年 7 月 17 日辞职。工人党
Raeesah Khan 于 2021 年 11 月 30 日辞职。
因此,目前共有 87 名议员 + 2 名非选区议员 + 9 名提名议员 =
共 98 名
The number of
Members of Parliament (MPs) in
Singapore's Parliament can vary depending on the specific election and
the composition of elected, non-constituency, and nominated MPs. Here's
a breakdown based on the **2020 General Election** and the **current
system**:
1. Total Number of Seats**
- **93 Elected MPs**: Represent constituencies, including **Single
Member Constituencies (SMCs)** and **Group Representation Constituencies
(GRCs)**.
- **2 Non-Constituency MPs (NCMPs)**: Opposition candidates who did not
win in their constituencies but were offered seats to ensure more
diverse representation.
- **9 Nominated MPs (NMPs)**: Appointed by the President based on
recommendations, typically non-partisan and representing various sectors
like business, academia, or arts.
Grand Total**:
As of 2023, there are **104 MPs** in Parliament:
- 93 Elected MPs
- 2 NCMPs
- 9 NMPs
This number can change slightly with each election, depending on the
number of constituencies and adjustments to the NCMP or NMP scheme.
Singapore's Parliament is the legislative branch of
the government, responsible for making laws, debating policies, and
representing the interests of Singapore's citizens. Here's an overview:
1. Structure**
- **Unicameral System**: Singapore has a single legislative chamber,
known as the Parliament of Singapore.
- **Composition**:
- **Elected Members of Parliament (MPs)**: Represent specific
constituencies and are chosen during general elections.
- **Non-Constituency Members of Parliament (NCMPs)**: Appointed from
opposition candidates who performed well but did not win in elections.
- **Nominated Members of Parliament (NMPs)**: Appointed individuals not
affiliated with any political party, chosen to bring diverse
perspectives.
2. Roles and Functions**
- **Law-making**: Parliament debates and passes bills, which then become
law upon receiving Presidential assent.
- **Oversight**: Scrutinizes government policies, budgets, and
performance to ensure accountability.
- **Representation**: MPs represent their constituents' interests and
concerns in national discussions.
3. Key Officials**
- **Speaker of Parliament**: Presides over parliamentary sessions,
ensuring order and adherence to rules.
- **Prime Minister**: The head of government, typically the leader of
the ruling party.
- **Leader of the Opposition**: Represents the largest minority party in
Parliament.
4. Sessions and Proceedings**
- **Debates**: Discussions on bills, policies, and national issues.
- **Question Time**: MPs can pose questions to ministers to seek
clarification or raise concerns.
- **Committees**: Specialized groups examine specific areas like
finance, defense, or social policies.
5. Elections
- **General Elections**: Held every five years (or sooner) to elect MPs.
Singapore uses a **Group Representation Constituency (GRC)** and
**Single Member Constituency (SMC)** system, ensuring minority
representation. NEXT ELECTION MUST BE HELD
6. Location
- The Parliament House, located in the Civic District of Singapore, is
the seat of parliamentary proceedings.
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新加坡的政府施行三权分立制度:1.立法、2.行政、3.司法三权独立运行且相互制约。
三权分立有相互检查和平衡各个权利机关的功能,从而制止任何一种权利的滥用。lànyòng
以下简要的说明新加坡的立法、行政、司法的概况:
立法
立法新加坡曾经是英国的殖民地。1959
年取得自治之后,新加坡承袭英国政府遗留下来的国会政府制度,此制度便是英国威斯敏斯特的国会制度。其主要特点是,政府是以人民的意愿为基础,而这是通过人民投票选举国会代表来表达。由于人民的意愿是国会的基础,所以国会至上,国会是国家权利的来源,是主要的立法机关。新加坡国会是新加坡主要的立法机关,拥有立法权、预算审批(财政监督)权和监督政府的职权。由民选的国会议员及总统特别委任的非民选的官方议员组成。民选议员有
78
个民选议席,他们包括单选区议席、集选区议席代表。官方议员是由国会议员提名、有发言权但无投票权的议员,他们都是曾经为国家立功的公务要员,以及在科学、文学、商业、专业或社团等领域的人士,他们代表各行业和社群的利益。少数民族权益总统理事会——这是由总统根据总理的推荐委任的,其主要职责是向国会或政府提供关于种族或宗教团体的咨询或报告。大多数的法案必须先提交理事会批阅,才送交总统审批。设立理事会的目的,是为了确保新加坡所制定的法律公平的对待各种族的权益,而不偏袒任何一个种族或者对任何一个种族有欠公平。
本届议会开始时的初始议席数为 104 席,其中工人党占 10
席,由毕丹星领导,新加坡进步党占 2
席,另外还有 9 席为提名议员。
2020 年新加坡大选共选出 93 名国会议员。目前有 6 个空缺议席,其中 4
个来自人民行动党,2 个来自工人党。
本届议会是新加坡独立以来任期内空缺议席最多的一次,共有 6 个,其中包括以婚外情为由辞去议席的国会议长陈川仁,与他一同辞去议席的还有成丽辉、后来参加
2023 年新加坡总统大选的国务资政尚达曼和交通部长 S.
Iswaran。工人党 Leon Perera
于 2023 年 7 月 17 日辞职。工人党
Raeesah Khan 于 2021 年 11 月 30 日辞职。因
此,目前共有 87 名议员 + 2 名非选区议员 + 9 名提名议员 = 共 98 名
行政
获得多数投票的政党有权组织政府。这就是从国会议员中选出部长并组织国会内阁,每位部长管理一个政府部门,并向领导政府的总理汇报。内阁是通过国家的公务人员协助进行行政事务。所以内阁政府与公务员是政府日常政务与事务的执行者。新加坡内阁是国会政府制度下的最高权利机关。由总统委任总理,而由总理委任其他部长。可以说,内阁是国家行政的最主要部门。其主要职权是推行国家政策,及提议法律的制定。新加坡总统并不统揽行政大权,他只有限制性的行政权力,这些权力关系到国库储备金的使用和高级公务员的委任和撤职。
2024 年 5 月,黄循财就任总理,组建新一届内阁。
主要阁员包括总理兼财政部长黄循财、国务资政李显龙、副总理兼贸工部长颜金勇、副总理王瑞杰、国务资政兼国家安全统筹部长张志贤等。
内阁包括总理和各部部长所辖的总理公署、社会及家庭发展部 、文化、社区及青年部、国防部、教育部、永续发展与环境部、财政部
、外交部、卫生部、内政部、通讯及新闻部、律政部、人力部、
国家发展部、贸易和工业部和交通部。
这里提个问题,大家都知道新加坡总统肯定是在总统府办公,那么大家知道我们的总理在哪里办公吗?大家大家有没有听到过总理府啊?
答:新加坡总理以及其总理公署也都在总统府,也就是总统和总理是合署办公的。
司法
司法及司法机关新加坡的司法主要分两部分新加坡最高法院
它是由高等法院和上诉院所组成。最高法院具有广泛的民事和刑事管辖权。上诉院是新加坡的终极法院,即诉讼人士可以上诉的最后以及最高的法院。新加坡也设有高科技法院,它是最高法院的附属部分,成立于
1995 年 7 月 8
日。新加坡是世界上首先以高科技审理案件的国家之一,其法庭拥有最现代化的电脑、视听设备。诉讼当事人可以通过电脑陈述案情,即呈交证据;视听系统也使诉讼当事人能进行电视录象的跨国协议,海外证人也可通过这个法庭的电脑视听系统出现在银幕上供证,不必赶来新加坡出庭。新加坡的司法制度向前推向高度电脑化与现代化。
新加坡初级法院
这个法院包含了:1.地方法庭 2.推事法庭 3.家事法庭 4.少年法庭
5.小额索偿法庭。此外,新加坡也有其他司法机关专门处理有关法律纠纷,包括:
1. 土地征用上诉局——专门处理申请政府赔偿土地被征用的纠纷;
2. 工业仲裁庭——它主要调整劳资双方在工业上的关系,及充当劳资双方的仲裁人,以达至工业安全的目的。它有司法权确认劳资双方的具体协议;
3.
回教法庭——它是专门审理回教徒事务的法庭。包括离婚、子女抚养权、赡养费、婚姻财产的分割等。新加坡其他民事法院包括高等法院无权管辖或干预回教法庭的判决;
4. 军事法庭——它的主要任务是根据军法审判军人的违法行为;
5. 新加坡国际仲裁中心——它为国际及国内的商业仲裁提供有关的服务并鼓励以仲裁及调解方法解决商业纠纷,以避免法庭诉讼;
6. 分层地契局——它主要负责管理分层地契房地产的纠纷;
7. 版权审判庭——它主要审理版权人和版权使用人之间的权益义务纠纷
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The government of Singapore implements the system of
separation of powers: 1. Legislation, 2. Executive, 3. Judiciary. The
three powers operate independently and restrict each other.
The separation of powers has the function of checking and balancing each
power organ, so as to prevent the abuse of any power. lànyòng
The following briefly describes the overview of Singapore's legislation,
administration and judiciary:
Legislation
Legislation Singapore was once a British colony. After gaining
self-government in 1959, Singapore inherited the parliamentary
government system left by the British government, which is the
parliamentary system of Westminster in the United Kingdom. Its main
feature is that the government is based on the will of the people, which
is expressed by the people voting to elect representatives to the
parliament. Since the will of the people is the basis of the parliament,
the parliament is supreme. The parliament is the source of national
power and the main legislative body. The Parliament of Singapore is the
main legislative body of Singapore, with legislative power, budget
approval (financial supervision) power and the power to supervise the
government. It is composed of elected members of parliament and
non-elected official members specially appointed by the president. There
are 78 elected seats for elected members, including single-member
constituency seats and group representation constituency seats. Official
members are nominated by members of parliament, have the right to speak
but not vote. They are all public servants who have made contributions
to the country, as well as people in the fields of science, literature,
business, profession or society. They represent the interests of various
industries and communities. Presidential Council for the Rights of
Minorities - This is appointed by the President on the recommendation of
the Prime Minister. Its main responsibility is to provide advice or
reports to Parliament or the government on racial or religious groups.
Most bills must be submitted to the Council for review before being sent
to the President for approval. The purpose of establishing the Council
is to ensure that the laws enacted in Singapore treat the rights of all
races fairly, without favoring any race or being unfair to any race.
The initial number of seats at the beginning of this parliament was 104,
of which the Workers' Party held 10 seats, led by Pritam Singh, the
Singapore Progress Party held 2 seats, and there were 9 nominated
members. A total of 93 members of parliament were elected in the 2020
Singapore general election. There are currently 6 vacant seats, 4 from
the People's Action Party and 2 from the Workers' Party. This parliament
has the most vacant seats in Singapore's term since independence, with a
total of 6, including Speaker of Parliament Tan Chuan-Jin, who resigned
his seat on the grounds of an extramarital affair. He also resigned with
Cheng Lihui, Senior Minister Shanmugaratnam, who later participated in
the 2023 Singapore presidential election, and Transport Minister S.
Iswaran. Leon Perera of the Workers' Party resigned on July 17, 2023.
Raeesah Khan of the Workers' Party resigned on November 30, 2021.
Therefore, there are currently 87 MPs + 2 non-constituency MPs + 9
nominated MPs = 98 in total
Executive
The party that receives the majority of votes has the right to form the
government. This is to select ministers from the MPs and organize the
parliamentary cabinet, each minister manages a government department and
reports to the Prime Minister who leads the government. The cabinet is
to assist in administrative affairs through the country's civil
servants. Therefore, the cabinet government and civil servants are the
executors of the government's daily affairs and affairs. The Singapore
Cabinet is the highest authority under the parliamentary government
system. The president appoints the prime minister, and the prime
minister appoints other ministers. It can be said that the cabinet is
the most important department of national administration. Its main
powers are to implement national policies and propose the formulation of
laws. The president of Singapore does not have overall executive power.
He only has restrictive executive powers, which are related to the use
of treasury reserves and the appointment and removal of senior civil
servants.
In May 2024, Lawrence Wong took office as prime minister and formed a
new cabinet. The main cabinet members include Prime Minister and Finance
Minister Lawrence Wong, Senior Minister Lee Hsien Loong, Deputy Prime
Minister and Minister of Trade and Industry Gan Kim Yong, Deputy Prime
Minister Heng Swee Keat, Senior Minister and Coordinating Minister for
National Security Teo Chee Hean, etc.
The Cabinet includes the Prime Minister's Office, the Ministry of Social
and Family Development, the Ministry of Culture, Community and Youth,
the Ministry of Defence, the Ministry of Education, the Ministry of
Sustainability and the Environment, the Ministry of Finance, the
Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the Ministry of Health, the Ministry of
Home Affairs, the Ministry of Communications and Information, the
Ministry of Law, the Ministry of Manpower, the Ministry of National
Development, the Ministry of Trade and Industry and the Ministry of
Transport.
Here is a question. Everyone knows that the President of Singapore must
work in the Presidential Palace, so do you know where our Prime Minister
works? Have you ever heard of the Prime Minister's Office?
Answer: The Prime Minister of Singapore and his Prime Minister's Office
are also in the Presidential Palace, that is, the President and the
Prime Minister work together.
Judiciary
Judiciary and Judicial Institutions The judiciary in Singapore is mainly
divided into two parts: the Supreme Court of Singapore
It consists of the High Court and the Court of Appeal. The Supreme Court
has extensive civil and criminal jurisdiction. The Court of Appeal is
the final court in Singapore, that is, the last and highest court to
which litigants can appeal. Singapore also has a High Technology Court,
which is an affiliate of the Supreme Court and was established on July
8, 1995. Singapore is one of the first countries in the world to use
high technology to try cases. Its courts have the most modern computers
and audio-visual equipment. Litigants can present their cases through
computers, that is, submit evidence; the audio-visual system also
enables litigants to conduct cross-border agreements through television
recordings, and overseas witnesses can also appear on the screen to
testify through the computer audio-visual system of this court, without
having to rush to Singapore to appear in court. Singapore's judicial
system has been pushed forward to a high degree of computerization and
modernization.
Singapore Primary Court
This court includes: 1. Local Court 2. Magistrate's Court 3. Family
Court 4. Juvenile Court 5. Small Claims Court. In addition, Singapore
also has other judicial institutions that specialize in handling legal
disputes, including:
1. Land Acquisition Appeal Board - specializes in handling disputes
involving applications for government compensation for land
expropriation;
2. Industrial Arbitration Tribunal - it mainly adjusts the relationship
between labor and capital in the industry, and acts as an arbitrator
between labor and capital to achieve the purpose of industrial safety.
It has the judicial power to confirm the specific agreement between
labor and capital;
3. Islamic Court - it is a court that specializes in hearing Muslim
affairs. Including divorce, child custody, maintenance, division of
marital property, etc. Other civil courts in Singapore, including the
High Court, have no jurisdiction or interference with the decisions of
the Islamic Court;
4. Military Court - its main task is to judge the illegal acts of
soldiers according to military law;
5. Singapore International Arbitration Center - it provides relevant
services for international and domestic commercial arbitration and
encourages the use of arbitration and mediation to resolve commercial
disputes to avoid court litigation;
6. Strata Titles Board - it is mainly responsible for managing disputes
over strata title real estate;
7. Copyright Tribunal - it mainly hears disputes over rights and
obligations between copyright owners and copyright users. |
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